第49篇鸿蒙推送服务——PushUtils 与通知管理一、引言推送服务是应用主动触达用户的重要渠道用于发送考试提醒、学习通知、模考成绩等消息。DriverLicenseExam 项目通过鸿蒙推送服务实现了消息推送功能包括通知权限申请、消息构建、推送发送、点击处理等完整流程。本文将深入解析推送服务的实现。二、推送服务架构2.1 推送流程应用启动 │ ▼ 申请通知权限requestEnableNotification │ ▼ 权限已授权 ├── 否 → 不发送推送 │ └── 是 → 构建推送消息 │ ▼PushUtils.randomPushMessage()│ ▼ 系统通知栏显示 │ ▼ 用户点击通知 │ ▼EntryAbility.onNewWant()│ ▼ 解析参数 → 跳转到指定页面2.2 推送相关文件commons/commonLib/src/main/ets/push/├── Model.ets ← 推送数据模型 └── PushUtils.ets ← 推送工具类三、推送权限管理3.1 通知权限申请在 EntryAbility 的onWindowStageCreate中申请通知权限//EntryAbility.ets notificationManager.requestEnableNotification(this.context).then((){ hilog.info(0x0000,testTag,[ANS] requestEnableNotification success); }).catch((err: BusinessError){ hilog.error(0x0000,testTag,[ANS] requestEnableNotification failed, code: err.code , message: err.message); });3.2 权限检查在发送推送前检查通知权限是否已开启// MainEntry.etssendPushNotice() {constisOn notificationManager.isNotificationEnabledSync();if(isOn) {this.sendPushMessage(); } }isNotificationEnabledSync()是同步方法快速检查通知权限状态避免在未授权时进行不必要的推送操作。四、推送消息模型4.1 推送参数定义// PushUtils.etsexportinterfacePushActionParams{ picVideoUrl:string;// 图片/视频 URL用于富媒体通知title:string;// 推送标题id:string;// 推送 ID用于去重和追踪}4.2 推送消息构建// PushUtils.etsexportclassPushUtils{// 构建推送通知请求staticbuildNotificationRequest(params: PushActionParams): notificationManager.NotificationRequest{letnotificationRequest: notificationManager.NotificationRequest { id: parseInt(params.id) ||0, content: { contentType: notificationManager.ContentType.NOTIFICATION_CONTENT_BASIC_TEXT, normal: { title:params.title, text:点击查看详情, additionalText:params.picVideoUrl ||, }, },// 点击通知后携带的参数wantAgent: {// 通过 Want 传递参数到 Abilitywant: { deviceId:, bundleName:qcjk.1.xxxxxx, abilityName:EntryAbility, parameters: {params: JSON.stringify({ message:practiceView, title:params.title, id:params.id, }), }, }, }, };returnnotificationRequest; } }五、推送消息发送5.1 随机推送消息// PushUtils.etsstaticrandomPushMessage(params: PushActionParams, context: Context) {// 随机决定是否发送推送if(Math.random() 0.3) {// 30% 概率发送return; }constnotificationRequest this.buildNotificationRequest(params); notificationManager.publish(notificationRequest) .then(() {Logger.info(PushUtils,Push notification published successfully); }) .catch((err: BusinessError) {Logger.error(PushUtils,Failed to publish notification: err.message); }); }5.2 在主页面触发推送// MainEntry.etsaboutToAppear(): void {this.bottomRectHeight AppStorage.get(bottomRectHeight) ||0;this.vm.navStack.pushPathByName(splashPage,true);this.sendPushNotice();// 启动时尝试发送推送this.updateForm(0); } sendPushMessage() { let pushArticle: PushActionParams { picVideoUrl:, title:驾考模板, id:3445749589458989, }; PushUtils.randomPushMessage(pushArticle,this.getUIContext().getHostContext()asContext); }六、推送点击处理6.1 Want 参数解析当用户点击通知栏的推送消息时系统会通过 Want 参数将消息传递到 Ability// EntryAbility.ets - 处理推送点击onNewWant(want: Want,launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void { this.setLightOrDarkMode(this.context);Logger.info(TAG, Ability onNewWant);if(want.parameterswant.parameters.params) {letparam: ESObject {};try{ param JSON.parse(want.parameters.paramsasstring); } catch (e) {Logger.error(TAG, Failedtoparse push params: JSON.stringify(e)); }// 根据推送消息类型跳转到不同页面if(param.messagepracticeView) {// 跳转到模拟考试const examService ExamService.instance(this.contextasContext); const par: ROUTE_PARAM { title: 模拟考试,type:EXAM_MANAGER_TYPE.mock_exam, examManager: examService.getMockExamManager(模拟考试), };CommonModel.instance.navStack.replacePathByName(practiceView,par); }elseif(param.messageorderPractice) {// 跳转到顺序练习const param: ROUTE_PARAM { title: 顺序练习,type:EXAM_MANAGER_TYPE.sequence, };CommonModel.instance.navStack.replacePathByName(practiceView,param); } }WantUtils.handlePushWant(want); this.shareServiceImpl.handleWant(want,this.context); }6.2 冷启动与热启动处理推送点击有两种场景冷启动应用未运行点击通知启动应用 → 在onCreate中处理热启动应用已在后台点击通知唤醒应用 → 在onNewWant中处理// 冷启动处理onCreate(want: Want,launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam){Logger.info(TAG, Ability onCreate);WantUtils.handlePushCall(want);// 处理冷启动推送this.shareServiceImpl.handleWant(want,this.context); }// 热启动处理onNewWant(want: Want,launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void {// 处理热启动推送WantUtils.handlePushWant(want); this.shareServiceImpl.handleWant(want,this.context); }七、推送功能的扩展7.1 本地通知除了服务器推送应用还可以发送本地通知例如模拟考试完成后的成绩通知staticsendLocalNotification(title:string, content:string, context: Context) {constnotificationRequest: notificationManager.NotificationRequest {id:Date.now(),content: {contentType: notificationManager.ContentType.NOTIFICATION_CONTENT_BASIC_TEXT,normal: {title: title,text: content, }, }, }; notificationManager.publish(notificationRequest) .then(() Logger.info(PushUtils,Local notification published)) .catch((err) Logger.error(PushUtils,Failed to publish: err.message)); }7.2 推送分类不同类型的推送可以使用不同的通知渠道// 通知渠道分类const NOTIFICATION_CHANNELS { EXAM_REMINDER: { id:exam_reminder,name:考试提醒,importance:4}, STUDY_TIP: { id:study_tip,name:学习建议,importance:3}, PROMOTION: { id:promotion,name:活动推广,importance:2}, };八、总结推送服务是应用与用户保持互动的重要渠道。DriverLicenseExam 项目通过完整的推送实现展示了权限管理通知权限的申请和检查消息构建NotificationRequest 的消息结构推送发送通过 notificationManager.publish 发送点击处理通过 Want 参数传递支持冷启动和热启动页面跳转根据推送类型跳转到不同页面关键源码文件commons/commonLib/src/main/ets/push/PushUtils.ets— 推送工具类commons/commonLib/src/main/ets/push/Model.ets— 推送数据模型products/entry/src/main/ets/entryability/EntryAbility.ets— 推送点击处理products/entry/src/main/ets/pages/MainEntry.ets— 推送触发入口products/entry/src/main/ets/util/WantUtils.ets— Want 参数处理工具